Fluid brake



J. GASSER FLUID BRAKE Dec. 1, 1925. 1,563,561

F iled Sept. 19, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Joseph Gasser.

INVENTOR ATTORN EY wfmass:

Patented Dec. 1, 192 5.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH GASSER, OF TRENTON, NEW JERSEY; THERESA GASSER, ADMINISTRATRIX OISAID JOSEPH GASSER, DECEASED, ASSIGNOR TO NEW JERSEY TWIN HOIS'J. COM-IPANY, OF TRENTON, NEW JERSEY.

FLUID BRAKE.

Application filed September 19, 1921. Serial No. 501,530.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JosErH GASSER, a citizen of the United States,residin at Trenton, in the county of Mercer and tate of New Jersey, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Fluid Brakes, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention, relates to brakes and more particularly to that type orform of brakes which are dependent upon or are moved into brakingposition-by the action of a fluid under compression and it has for itsprimary object to provide a fluid brake for vehicles which when thevehicle'is moving remains neutral or inoperative, but when a retardingeffect is desired can instantly be brought into braking effect.

Another object of this invention is to provide a fluid brake forself-propelled vehicles characterized by the fact that as the degree ofretardation increases there is a corresponding and consequentialaugmenting of the braking force.

A further object of my invention is to provide a novel brake structurethat can be promptly and easily applied to motor propelled vehicles.

Still further this invention aims to provide a brake for vehicles whicheliminates entirely all shoes, bands and analogous devices that aresusceptible ,to easy derangement whereby their efficiency graduallydecreases until they become appreciably ineffective. w

With the foregoing and other objects in view which will become moreapparent from the following description, my invention consists primarilyin providing a closed-in fluid container or chamber that contains apiston t'ionless in the fluid, but instantly a retardation is appliedcreates a compressive force that effects a prompt braking or cessationof further motion on the'part of the vehicle or other moving partto'which it may be applied. The invention further consists in the novelfeatures of construction, combinations and arrangements of partshereinafter fully described and more specifically defined by theappended claim.

. In the further disclosure of the-invention reference is to be had tothe accompanying sheets of explanatory drawings constituting which undernormal conditions travels fric' a part of this specification, and inwhich like characters of reference designate the. same or correspondingparts in all the views;

Figure lis a vertical section through one convenient construction of .myimproved fluid brake as adaptable for use on an auto-- mobile.

Figure 2is a central vertical section' taken at right angles to thepreceding figure.

Figure 3is a vertical section through a modified structure of fluidbrake embodying the essentials of my invention.

Figure 4r-lS a vertical section taken substantially on the line 41 inthe preceding figure and looking to the left hand thereof.

Figure 5is a sectional view of a further modified form of;the inventionand illustrating a method of actuation from theordinary service brakepedal.

Figure 6is a top plan view of thepreceding figure.

Figure 7is a sectional plan detail of a valve" control hereinafter moreparticularly referred to; and, 1

Figure 8is a vertical section through the showing of the precedingfigure.

Referring more particularly to the views a fragmentary port1on of anautomobile rear axle is indicated by the numeral 9, and 10 esignates oneof the driving or rear'wheels.

In the embodiment of the invention shown .by Figures 1 and 2 moreparticularly, I

secure on the axle 9 an'excentric rotor 11 having a tubular part 12 thatabuts the wheel hub 13. This 'excentric rotor 13 is housed with aworking fit within a casing 14 pear-shaped in cross section as shown byFigure 1, thus providing a cylinder 15 and 1 a valved piston chamber 16,in which is integrally formed a depending rectangular pocket 17 thathouses the block piston 18 conveniently of inverted T-shaped crosssecvided at the upper part of the pocket 17 for the purpose later onexplained, whilst.

there is fitted into the crown of the chamber -16 a plug cock or valve21 having a transverse port or orifice 22 which normally provides aconduit or passage between both Bleed openings 20 areor may be" pro- 9sides of the piston 18 and pocket 17. This plug cook or valve 21 isarranged for closure by means of a lever 23 as later on explained. It isto be here observed that the casing 14 is securely fixed to the shacklebox 24 so that it cannot turn relative to the axle 9, or it may beotherwise anchored to accommodate different types of machines.

In the modified form of the invention shown by Figures 3 and 4, it is tobe noted that the casing 14 is made double-ended to provide twointer-communicating chambers 25, 26, baffles or division parts 27 at theupper and lower parts serving as guides between which a hollow slidablemember 28 can be reciprocated, said hollow slidable member 28 being of acorrespondingbut considerably smaller-shape in cross section to that ofthe casing 14 and it houses the excentric rotor 11 whereby it can bemoved to and fro between said guides 27 as later on explained. Thishollow slidable member 28 is also formed with upper and lower inwardlydirected rectangular pockets 17 in which operate block pistons 18 asabove set forth in reference to Figures 1 and 2 where as opposedlydirected bleed openings 20 con- .nect the pockets 17 with the opposedchambers 25 and 26. Ports or holes 29 are also provided at desirablepoints about the hollow slidable member 28, whereby the parts arefrictionless balanced under normal service conditions. A plug cook orvalve 21 is fitted into the upper and lower end of the casing 14 ,andthe operating levers 23 thereof are connected by a rod 30 under theaction of a control 31 whereby said cocks or valves.

21 are simultaneously caused to be" closed and opened as laterexplained.

Referring now more particularly to Figures 5 and 6 it will be readilyseen that the chamber or casing 14 is of somewhat different formation,that is to say, it is essentially 'cvlindric and adapted for attachmentto the shackle'box 24 by flanges 32 and bolts 33 in the well known way.On the upper part of the cylinder 15 is a sort of valve chest havingports 34 connecting with each end of the said cylinder, the plug cook orvalve 21 being mounted vertically therein, as before explained. Thepiston 35 is of the ordinary type and therod 36 thereof is outwardlyextended through a suitable gland and hinged- 1y connected at 37 to thestrap 38 of an excentric 39 securely fixed on the axle 9 as hereinbeforeexplained. This constructional form of my invention lends itself veryeffectively to the employment of air as the braking medium and it willbe observed that the plug cook or valve 21 is preferably formed withupwardly directed ports 40- Figures 7 and 8which are normally open butwhich when closed will cause a compression of the air on one side of thepiston with an appreciable suction on the other, whereby a veryeflicient brake is ensured.

A convenient means is indicated in connection with Figure 5 foroperating either of the forms of the invention illustrated and itbriefly comprises a link or rod 41 connecting from the lever 23 to theordinary service pedal 42, the use and actuation being too well known tonecessitate further explanation.

In operation it will' be readily seen that when a liquid is used such asoil to fill the casing 14 or 14 as shown by Figures 1 to 4inclusive-that under normal conditions the plug cock or valve 21 will beopen permitting the oil to fiow freely through from side to side of thepistons 18 as the excentric rotor 11 is rotated. Immediately the brakeor brakes is or are to be applied the plug cock or valve 21 is slowlyclosed whereupon it will be perfectly obvious that the oil will bebacked up in a contra-clockwise or lefthand direction with an everincreasing retarding pressure. On the other hand if the plug cock orvalve 21 is sharply closed the effect will be a powerful application ofbraking pressure, such as will meet the needs of any emergency; Whereair is used as explained in connection with Figures 5 to 8 incl'usive,it will be clearly apparent that a compression will be effected on oneside of the piston 35, and a consequential suction on the other, both ofwhich will result in a powerful retarding and braking pressure beingexerted on the excentric 31.

From the foregoing it will be clearly seen that by my invention there isprovided an exceedingly efi'ectiveand very slmple brake readily usablefor either ordinary service or emergency purposes when applied toselfpropelled vehicles, and whilst there has been shown and describedpractical embodiments thereof, the same are not to be construed asconclusive as structural chan es and variations will be obvious withouteparting from the essential features thereof; the right is thereforehereby reserved to make such changes and other modifications as fairlylie within the scope of the appended claim.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

In a brake mechanism, the combination with an axle, an eccentric mountedthereon,

